Open source stenotype hardware created by the SOFT/HRUF project The direct ancestor of today's stenotype was created by Ward Stone Ireland in about 1913, and the word "stenotype" was applied to his machine and its descendants sometime thereafter. A French version was created by Marc Grandjean in 1909. Bartholomew invented the shorthand machine. In New York City on December 24th, 1875, John Celivergos Zachos invented a stenotype and filed patent number 175892 for type writers and phenotypic notation application. The first machine was made in 1863 by the Italian Antonio Michela Zucco and was in actual use since 1880 in the Italian Senate. The first shorthand machine (the word "stenotype" was not used for another 80 years or more) punched a paper strip and was built in 1830 by Karl Drais, a German inventor.
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